New and safer anaesthetic gases eg Halothane are introduced.

Heart -lung machine used in open-heart surgery for replacement of heart valves (1953).

First kidney transplant in 1954.

Cardiac pacemakers are developed.

Salk develops a vaccine against poliomyelitis.

The first hip replacement surgery is performed.

Rubella (German Measles) vaccine is introduced.

Drugs to treat high blood pressure and mental illness are developed.

von Bekesy describes the mechanism of hearing.

Monoclonal antibodies are discovered.

Watson and Crick describe the molecular structure of DNA.

Barnard performs the first heart transplant in 1967.